2018年考研英语一真题精讲Text2(2018年考研英语一答案)

2018年考研英语一真题精讲text 2
【1段】①a new survey by harvard university finds more than two-thirds of young americans disapprove of president trump’s use of twitter.?②the implication is that millennials prefer news from the white house to be filtered through other sources, not a president’s social media platform.
【参考译文】哈佛大学的一项新调查发现，超过三分之二的美国年轻人不赞成特朗普总统使用推特。这说明千禧一代更愿意通过其他途径获取白宫新闻，而不是通过总统的社交媒体平台。
【句子讲解】①本句是一个复合句。主句的主语为 a new survey、谓语为 finds省略引导词that)的宾语从句,作finds的宾语:介词短语by?harvard university作后置定语,修饰 a new survey。从句的主语为more than two-thirds of young?americans,谓语是 disapprove of,宾语是 president trumps use of?twitter.
②本句是一个复合句。主句的主语是 the implication,系动词是is,that引导的表语从句作
表语。从句由“主语( millennials)+谓语( prefer)+宾语(news)+宾语补足语( to be filtered)”构成;介词短语 from the white house作后置定语修饰news;介词短语 through other sources, not a?president social media platform作方式状语修饰 to be filtered。
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【生词】filter[?f?lt?(r)](信息、新闻等)慢慢传开;过滤
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【2段】①most americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. ②yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up?their media literacy skills. ③such a trend is badly needed. ④during the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by twitter users in the politically critical state of michigan was fake news, according to the university of oxford. ⑤and a survey conducted for buzzfeed news found 44 percent of facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.
【参考译文】大多数美国人通过社交媒体查看每日头条新闻。但随着人们对各类媒体的信任度降低，他们开始提高自己的媒介素养能力。我们急需这样的趋势。牛津大学表示，2016年总统大选期间，在推特用户分享的关于选举关键州密歇根州的网页内容中，有近四分之一都是虚假消息。
buzzfeed新闻的一项调查发现，44%的脸书用户很少或根本不相信媒体巨头报道的新闻。
【句子讲解】②句是一个复合句。主句的主语是 people，谓语是may?be starting,动词不定式短语to?beef up their media literacy skills?作宾语。as引导的原因状语从句,作主句的原因状语从句中主语是distrust，谓语是 has risen;介词短语 toward all media作状语。句首的连词yet承接上文，表转折。
beef up 使更大（更好、更有意思等）;
【句子讲解】⑤句是一个复合句。主句的主语是 a survey谓语是 found，省略引导词(that)的宾语从句,作 found的宾语;过去分词短语 conducted for buzzfeed?news作后置定语,修饰 a survey.宾语从句中,主语是44 percent of?facebook users,谓语是 rarely or?never trust,宾语是news;介词短语from the media giant作后置定语,修饰news。句首的连词and表承接.
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【3段】①young people who are digital natives are

indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. ②a knight foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14 and 24 found they use “distributed trust” to verify stories. ③they cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. ④“many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.
【参考译文】在数字时代成长的年轻人现在越来越熟练地辨别网络信息的真伪。骑士基金会针对14到24岁年轻人展开的专题调查发现，他们用“分布式信任”来验证信息真伪。他们反复核对新闻来源，而且更喜欢拥有不同角度的新闻——尤其是那些对任何偏见都持开放态度的新闻。调查总结道：“许多年轻人都承担重大的个人责任，包括自学和寻找相反观点。”
【句子讲解】②句是一个复合句。主句的主语是 a knight?foundation focus-group survey,
谓语是 found,省略引导词(that的宾语从句作 found的宾语;介词短语 of young people作后置定语,修饰 survey:介词短语 between?ages14and24作后置定语,修饰 young people。宾语从句的主语是they,谓语是use,宾语是distributed trust,动词不定式短语to verify stories作目的状语。
【句子讲解】③句是一个复合句。主句的主语是they,and连接两个并列谓宾谓语:一是 cross-check,其宾语是 sources;谓语二是 prefer,其宾语是news,介词短语 from different perspectives作后置定语，修饰news。破折号后的内容补充说明 different?perspectives,其中,that引导的定语从句,修饰 those；从句中that代替先行词 those作主语,系动词是are，表语是open，介词短语about any bias作状语,表对象;副词 especially用于列举一个具有代
表性的例子,表强调。
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【4段】①such active research can have another effect. ②a 2014 survey conducted in australia, britain, and the united states by the university of wisconsin-madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.
【参考译文】这样的积极探索还有另外一个影响。2014年，威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校在澳大利亚、英国和美国展开了一项调查，发现年轻人对社交媒体的依赖使得更多人参与到政治生活中来。
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【5段】①social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. ②this forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. ③a survey by barna research group found the top reason given?by americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. ④about a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. ⑤in other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. ⑥“this indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says roxanne stone, editor in chief at barna group.
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【参考译文】社交媒体让用户更直接、更快捷地参与到新闻事件中，他们还可以通过与他人分享新闻来展现自己的价值观和兴趣。这让用户更清楚地意识到他们在传播信息中起到的作用。巴纳研究集团的一项调查发现，美国人认为虚假新闻现象存在的主要原因是“读者错误”，其次才是报道虚假故事或事实错误。约有三分之一的人认为，虚假新闻的问题在于通过社交媒体来“曲解或夸大真实新闻”。换句话说，问题的关键可能是选择在社交媒体上分享新闻。
巴纳集团主编罗克珊·斯通表示：“这表明，在解决这一问题上，的确有我们的个人责任。”
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【句子讲解】①句是一个复合句。主句的主语是 social media,谓语是allows,宾语是 users,动词不定式短语 to experience news?events…immediately作宾语补足语,其中,副词比较级more
intimately and in experience.while+非谓语动词( permitting结构相当于一个时间状语从句即while social media also permits?them to re- share news.该从句中主语是 social media,谓语是 permits,宾语是them动词不定式短语to re- share news.作宾语补足语;副词also作状语,修饰permits,介词短语 as a projection作状语,介词短语 of their values?and interests作后置定语,修饰a?projection。
注意在上述时间状语从句中因从句的主语与主句的主语相同,故从句省略了主语 social?media,并将谓语动词 permits改成了其非谓语动词形式 permitting从而形成了while+非谓语动词结构.
【句子讲解】③句过去分词短语 given by americans和介词短语 for the fake news?phenomenon均作 the top reason given的后置定语。
【句子讲解】④句是一个复合句。主句的主语是 about a?third( of americans)谓语是say,省略引导词(that的宾语从句,作say的宾语,从句中主语是 the problem谓语是 lies in,宾语是“ misinterpretation or?exaggeration of actual news,介词短语 of fake news作problem的后置定语,介词短语via?social media作乍 misinterpretation?or exaggeration的后置定语。
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【6段】①so when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills—and in their choices on when to share on social media.
【参考译文】因此，年轻人在批评频繁发推的总统时，他们展现出了思维方面以及在选择什么时间在社交媒体上分享的自律精神。